在GMAT閱讀中,除關(guān)注全文和每段話的中心句外,大部分中間內(nèi)容都是可以跳過(guò)或掃讀的,但對(duì)于三種細(xì)節(jié)信息我們需要格外留意:強(qiáng)對(duì)比、強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折和強(qiáng)因果。這三類信息往往是GMAT閱讀出題的重點(diǎn)。
強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折的層次分類比較復(fù)雜,按照形式可以分為真實(shí)強(qiáng)對(duì)比和變體強(qiáng)度比。今天我們來(lái)看看基礎(chǔ)的真實(shí)強(qiáng)對(duì)比。真實(shí)強(qiáng)對(duì)比又可以細(xì)分為“普通強(qiáng)度比”和“時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)對(duì)比”。
“普通強(qiáng)對(duì)比”是指在文章中出現(xiàn)“A, unlike B”,“C, in contrast D, is ….”等,這些都是明確表示強(qiáng)對(duì)比的信號(hào)詞;而“時(shí)間強(qiáng)對(duì)比”則是在一篇文章的開(kāi)始,或者一個(gè)理論剛剛提出的時(shí)候,如果出現(xiàn)了時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),則會(huì)成為出題率很高的一處知識(shí)點(diǎn),如:now,new,nowadays,current ideas這些詞是和過(guò)去成強(qiáng)對(duì)比:once, until recently, past則和現(xiàn)在成強(qiáng)對(duì)比。如果給了一個(gè)不早不晚的明確時(shí)間,如in 1950’s,那么和它之前、之后比較都有可能。
我們以O(shè)G第133題為例,來(lái)熟悉下在閱讀中遇到對(duì)比改如何處理。
Q133. The passage suggests that, unlike thepleiotropic hormones, oligosaccharins could be used effectively to
(A)trace the passage of chemicals through the walls of cells
(B)pinpoint functions of other plant hormones
(C)artificially control specific aspects of the development of crops
(D)alter the complement of genes in the cells of plants
(E)alter the effects of the five major hormones on plant development
題干分析:首先可以看出這里考的是兩種物質(zhì)pleiotropic hormones(多效性荷爾蒙)和oligosaccharins(寡糖)之間的區(qū)別,而且可以判斷出來(lái)文章中曾經(jīng)提到過(guò)多效性荷爾蒙不能有效的用于某種活動(dòng),那么就定位在文章第2段的首句:Unlikethe oligosaccharins, the five well-known plant hormones arepleiotropic rather than specific; that is, each has more than one effect on thegrowth and development of plants. The five have so many simultaneous effectsthat they are not very useful in artificially controlling the growth of crops.閱讀后可以看出文章對(duì)五種荷爾蒙與寡糖進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,前者具有多效性,后者具有特效性;前者因?yàn)闀?huì)同時(shí)發(fā)揮多重效果,無(wú)法有效用于人工控制作物生長(zhǎng);那么可以合理推測(cè)出具有特效性的寡糖就可以用于控制人工控制作物生長(zhǎng),所以得出答案是C。